pbluescript sk2 plasmid vector Search Results


bluescript (sk2)  (Johns Hopkins HealthCare)
90
Johns Hopkins HealthCare bluescript (sk2)
Bluescript (Sk2), supplied by Johns Hopkins HealthCare, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm10799481-48-10-22?v=Johns+Hopkins+HealthCare
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
bluescript (sk2) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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pbs sk 2  (Thermo Fisher)
99
Thermo Fisher pbs sk 2
Pbs Sk 2, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm10409305-79-12-25?v=Thermo+Fisher
Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pbs sk 2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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sk2  (OriGene)
96
OriGene sk2
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Sk2, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm19797403-104-6-14?v=OriGene
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
sk2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
96/100 stars
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nm 001204160 human cdna expression vector  (OriGene)
90
OriGene nm 001204160 human cdna expression vector
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Nm 001204160 Human Cdna Expression Vector, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pmc05731460-63-3-12?v=OriGene
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
nm 001204160 human cdna expression vector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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pgl3basic luciferase reporter vector (kpni/avai  (Promega)
90
Promega pgl3basic luciferase reporter vector (kpni/avai
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Pgl3basic Luciferase Reporter Vector (Kpni/Avai, supplied by Promega, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/10__1074_slash_jbc__274__4__2126-53-13-18?v=Promega
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pgl3basic luciferase reporter vector (kpni/avai - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
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prfp c rs vector  (OriGene)
94
OriGene prfp c rs vector
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Prfp C Rs Vector, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm34533073-45-13-15?v=OriGene
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
prfp c rs vector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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psp64(a) vector  (Promega)
90
Promega psp64(a) vector
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Psp64(a) Vector, supplied by Promega, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm11401401-81-18-23?v=Promega
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
psp64(a) vector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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pcdna3 2 v5  (Addgene inc)
93
Addgene inc pcdna3 2 v5
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Pcdna3 2 V5, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pmc12750202-112-18-20?v=Addgene+inc
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pcdna3 2 v5 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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pgem-5zf(1) vector  (Promega)
90
Promega pgem-5zf(1) vector
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Pgem 5zf(1) Vector, supplied by Promega, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/10__1128_slash_mcb__19__8__5316-65-24-26?v=Promega
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pgem-5zf(1) vector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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palter-1 vector  (Promega)
90
Promega palter-1 vector
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Palter 1 Vector, supplied by Promega, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm09422756-25-23-25?v=Promega
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
palter-1 vector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
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galec-tin-4 cdna clone  (Genome Systems Inc)
90
Genome Systems Inc galec-tin-4 cdna clone
FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type <t>SK2.</t> A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.
Galec Tin 4 Cdna Clone, supplied by Genome Systems Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbluescript+sk2+plasmid+vector/pm09162064-82-2-32?v=Genome+Systems+Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
galec-tin-4 cdna clone - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
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Image Search Results


FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type SK2. A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Sphingosine kinase as a regulator of calcium entry through autocrine sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in thyroid FRTL-5 cells.

doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0288

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 6. Calyculin A-evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild- type SK1, the G82D dominant-negative SK1 mutant, or the wild-type SK2. A, Cells transduced with wild-type SK1 (trace a) or the dominant- negative mutant G82D of SK1 (trace c) were pretreated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. Trace b shows calyculin A- evoked calcium entry in mock-transduced cells. Each trace is representative of at least seven separate determinations. B, Summary of several experiments performed as described in A. Each bar gives the mean SEM of seven to 14 determinations. *, P 0.05. C, G82D cells were treated with 100 nM calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added (trace a). In trace b, 100 nM S1P was added to calyculin A-treated cells before the start of the measurement. Trace c indicates calyculin- evoked calcium entry in cells transduced with wild-type SK1. D, Summary of several experiments performed as described in C. The bar denoted G82DS1P indicates the restoration of calcium entry in calyculin A-treated G82D cells after addition of S1P, and wt indicates the calcium entry in wild-type transduced cells treated with calyculin before addition of calcium. Each bar gives the mean SEM of five to eight determinations. *, P 0.05 compared with wt; §, P 0.05 compared with G82D. E, Cells transfected with plasmid only (trace a) or wild-type SK2 (trace b) were treated with calyculin A, and 1 mM calcium was added. The traces are representative of six separate experiments. F, Simplified scheme for how Sph, S1P, and SK1 may regulate calcium entry in FRTL-5 cells, and the role of calyculin A (Caly A). PPA denotes a presently uncharacterized phosphatase. We cannot exclude the possibility that calyculin also blocks a phosphatase directly regulating the calcium entry pathway.

Article Snippet: Transient transfection of FRTL-5 cells with SK2 The expression vector pCMV6-XL4-SphK2 was bought from Origene (Rockville, MD).

Techniques: Transduction, Dominant Negative Mutation, Mutagenesis, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation